剑 9 第一篇：

1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived
2. enrol in a school/attend a school
3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune
4. Immediately understand/instant recognition
5. refer to/ known as
6. consult/ ask advice of
7. now/ current/present/happening
8. transmission/ sending information
9. response/ reply
10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research
11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate
12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of
13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest
14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as
15. promptly/ immediately/instantly
16. migrant/ migrate/ migration
17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former
18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration
19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want
20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found
21. determine/ decide
22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure
23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy
24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/ point out/ pr
    esent/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest

剑 9 第二篇：

1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop
2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy
3. Global/international
4. Team effort/ institutional working party
5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential
6. Suitable/appropriate
7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard
8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease
9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable
10. Auditory problems/hearing loss
11. Study/carry out research
12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine
13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children
14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices
15. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation
16. Different/distinct/varied/reverse
17. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart
18. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely
19. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do
20. Calculate/determine the value
21. Be worked out/be calculated
22. Realise/recognise/show/see/understand
23. Witness/view/see/observe
24. Distorted/look smeared/not circular

剑 9 第三篇：

1. Competitive/competitors/competition

2. Achievement/success

3. Because/thus/It is… that 强调句型/so

4. Rely on previous events/draw on past experience
   2

5. A result of/ a product of

6. Pitfalls/ traps/snares

7. Exposure to …/bombard…with

8. Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree

9. Novelty/new experience

10. Fear/phobia

11. Embarrassment/ridicule

12. Psychological illness/mental disorder

13. Decide/decision

14. Scientific/science/technology/technological

15. Argue/argument/debate/debatable/discuss/dispute/disputable

16. Understandable/understand/reasonable

17. Be affected by/influence

18. Still exist/be still with us

19. Stop/halt/prevent/end

20. Pointless/not/no point of

21. Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures

22. The custom of speaking/ popular speech

23. Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar

24. Alternative/choice/way/replacement

剑 9 第四篇

1. Back into Britain/ re-import into Britain

2. Reliable/predictable

3. Cut down/reduce

4. Increase income/export earner

5. Power station/power plant

6. In the vicinity of/around/nearby

7. Extraction of seaweed/clean seaweed

8. Result from/cause

9. In danger/at risk

10. Comparatively/relatively
    3

11. Explanation/explain/reason

12. Transmission of information/information pass on/information send back/transmit

13. Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous

14. Incident/event

15. Initially/originally

16. Be about to stop working/on the brink of failing

17. Be used to/by means of

18. Send messages over distances/transmit information from place to place

19. Signal strength/ strength of the signal

20. From her childhood/when she was a child

21. Her children were born/birth of her two daughters

22. Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship

23. Have the same property/…is true for …

24. Receive recognition/be awarded
    剑 9 其他：

25. Collect/accumulate

26. Both…and/not only…but also

27. Stock sth./ a stock of sth.

28. Be exposed to/ by exposure to

29. Imitation/imitate/mimic

30. Be contingent on/ depend on

31. Mastery/power

The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empirical investigation of the se
lf-as-subject are rather scarce

9. …is link to …/the link between…and…

10. Primarily intend for the public/for the ordinary visitor

11. Personal involvement/themselves can act as if part of the historical environment

12. …and …are less easy to distinguish than before/ the sharp distinction is gradually evapor
    ating

13. Balance the conflicting priorities/ steer a narrow course between the demand of …

14. Reveal/present/presentation
    4

15. Durable objects/ transitory nature of the materials(反义词)

16. Consumer/market force

17. Give false impression/ bias in the representation

18. Current trend/majority of the public
    剑 8：
    Cambridge 8 TEST 1

19. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with v.同意

20. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法

21. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性

22. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to
    relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思

23. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to
    have, such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵学

24. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境

25. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变

26. trial=experiment=test n.实验

27. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment
    n.成就

28. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell v.认出，识别

29. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制

30. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的

31. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置
    5

32. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的

33. farming=agriculture n.农业

34. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的

35. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的

36. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream up
    v.创造

37. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的

38. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v.
    分开

39. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革
    命的

40. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明

41. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织， 使协
    调

42. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动

43. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难

44. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to do
    something=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v.
    导致

45. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似

46. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj.
    过于简化的，不完整的

47. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度
    6

48. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域

49. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候

50. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类

51. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建

52. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光

53. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，
    进化

54. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机

55. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的

56. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市

57. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly
    from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆

58. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的

59. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to
    obey a rule or law v.不服从
    Cambridge 8 TEST 2
    drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地
    carry out : subject to : 使服从
    remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持
    detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware /
    conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查
    7

fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter
with n.缺陷，缺点
enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的
main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要
的:
documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明
shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换
consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的
drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的
period=cycle=era=age n.年代
random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的
molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的
intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的
discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现
pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易
relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系
feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉
unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的
difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的
study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究
smell=odour=scent n.气味
8

interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解
define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确
damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害
realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to
the fact that v.想到
reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take a
look v.显示
to be defined=unanswered 无答案的
husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇
linguistic=language n.语言
describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an account
of=tell of v.描述
lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的
do not smell=odorless 没有气味的
regard as=consider to 把…认作
unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty adj.极讨厌
的
certain=some=a measure of adj.一些
correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致
relevance n.关联
float=afloat v.浮动

9

Cambridge 8 TEST 3

1. building=property=construction n.建筑

2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持

3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助

4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦

5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成

6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导

7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光

8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的

9. test in real=field test 实地测试

10. genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n.天
    才

11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承

12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do
    something well n.才能，技能

13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少

14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性

15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成

16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制

17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的

18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的
    10

19. life span=duration of life

20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟

21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长

22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则

23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的

24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存

25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的

26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other
    living thing n.有机的
    Cambridge 8 TEST 3

27. building=property=construction n.建筑

28. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持

29. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助

30. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦

31. create=generate=form=produce v.形成

32. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导

33. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光

34. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的

35. test in real=field test 实地测试

36. genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n.天
    才
    11

37. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承

38. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do
    something well n.才能，技能

39. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少

40. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性

41. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成

42. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制

43. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的

44. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的

45. life span=duration of life 寿命

46. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟

47. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长

48. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则

49. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的

50. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存

51. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的

52. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other
    living thing n.有机的
    Cambridge 8 TEST 4

53. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学

54. format=pattern n.格式
    12

55. less successful student=struggler 差等生

56. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键

57. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就

58. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的

59. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接
    近的

60. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精
    心的

61. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，
    帮助

62. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力

63. correct answer=accuracy n.精确

64. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱

65. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗

66. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出

67. innate=built-in adj.先天的

68. immunity=resistance n.免疫力

69. entail=involve v.包含

70. circumstance=system n.环境，系统

71. feed on=prey on 以…为食

72. blight=plague v.破坏
    13

73. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除

74. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨

75. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an
    analogy=draw a parallel v.对比

76. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别

77. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfect
    match /pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj.兼容的

78. specimen=individual n.标本

79. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器

80. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的

81. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地

82. pitfall=trap n.陷阱

83. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度
    的维修与介入

84. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy
    crops n.杀虫剂

85. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for
    example food or wood n.防腐剂

剑 7
Cambridge 7 TEST 1

1. rely on=depend on 依靠 v.
   14

2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免 v.

3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.

4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎 v.

5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢 n.

6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉 v.

7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算 v.

8. detection=finding=observation 探测 n.

9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造 v.

10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.

11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进 n.

12. downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的 adj.

13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.

14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地 adv.

15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为

16. decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.

17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.

18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前

19. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.

20. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.

21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认 v.
    15

22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似 v.

23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致

24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的

25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 v.

26. imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿 v.

27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.

28. feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食 v.

29. illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明 v.

30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆 v.

31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.

32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.

33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持 v.

34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信 v.

35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.
    Cambridge 7 TEST 2

36. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.

37. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.

38. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.

39. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.

40. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.
    16

41. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.

42. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.

43. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.

44. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.

45. purify=refine=distill 净化 v.

46. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.

47. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.

48. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.

49. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.

50. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.

51. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.

52. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.

53. refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到 v.

54. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.

55. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.

56. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.

57. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成

58. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.

59. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.

60. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v.
    17

61. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.

62. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.

63. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.

64. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.
    Cambridge 7 TEST 3

65. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.

66. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.

67. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.

68. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.

69. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的 adj.

70. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.

71. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.

72. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.

73. allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能

74. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.

75. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.

76. odour=smell=stench=stink 味道 n.

77. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.

78. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.

79. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.
    18

80. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.

81. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.

82. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.

83. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.

84. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.

85. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.

86. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.

87. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.

88. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.

89. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.

90. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.

91. allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.

92. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.

93. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.

94. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高 v.

95. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.

96. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的 adj.

97. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.

98. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.
    Cambridge 7 TEST 4
    19

99. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的

100. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.

101. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.

102. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.

103. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.

104. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降 n.

105. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.

106. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.

107. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.

108. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功

109. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.

110. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.

111. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.

112. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.

113. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.

114. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.

115. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的 adv.

116. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.

117. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.

118. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为
     20

119. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.

120. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外

121. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.

122. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.

123. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立

124. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.

125. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.

126. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.

127. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.

128. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.

129. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.

130. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.

131. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.

132. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.

133. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.

134. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的 adj.

135. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.

136. require=demand=need=call for 要求 v.

137. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.

138. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.
     21

139. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.

140. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.

141. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行 v.

142. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.

剑 6：
Cambridge 6 TEST 1
exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流 v.
expertise=skill 专门技术 n.
employ=analyze=study 使用 v.
investigation=analysis 调查 n.
narrow=focus on 缩小范围 v.
reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制 v.
funded support=finance 资金 n.
athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员 n.
calculate=measure 计算 v.
event=championship 赛事 n.
plan=prepare=design 计划 v.
improve=grow=get better 进步 v.
trade=economy 贸易 n.
22

transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.
local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的 adj.
weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的 adj.
value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值 n.
delivery=export or import 运输 n.
nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.
international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.
shipping=freight 船运 n.
cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.
tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费 n.
landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景 n.
difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj.
essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.
supply=provision=support 供给 n.
grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v.
respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重 n.
understanding=knowledge 了解 n.
well-being=health 健康 n.
impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.
catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.
23

surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.
push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限
not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的
present inhabitant=descendant 居民
give up=abandon 放弃
mainly=heavily=most 主要地
visit=venture 参观
Cambridge 6 TEST 2

1. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地 adv.

2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量 n.

3. commute=travel 通勤 v.

4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.

5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入 n.

6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.

7. together=face to face 共同

8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳 v.

9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿 n.

10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处 n.

11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的

12. limited=minimal 有限的 adj.
    24

13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移

14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明

15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.

16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.

17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究 n.

18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响 v.

19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛 n.

20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升 v.

21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系 n.

22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked 大量的 adj.

23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降 n.

24. elderly people=old people 老人 n.

25. independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.

26. regular=daily 定期的 adj.

27. exercise=physical activity 运动 n.

28. challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的 adj.

29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降 v.

30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的 adj.

31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势 n.

32. restricted=limited 有限的 adj.
    25

33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义 n.

34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的 adj.

35. early=older 早期的 adj.

36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成 v.

37. sufficient=enough 足够的 adj.

38. quantity=how many=amount 数量 n.

39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解 n.

40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止 v.

41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷 adj.

42. newer=later=recent=present 新的 adj.

43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先 n.
    雅思阅读同义词替换(剑六 TEST 3)
    Cambridge 6 TEST 3

44. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育 v.

45. actor=star 演员 n.

46. first=initial=early=primary 最早的 adj.

47. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节 n.

48. globe=world 世界 n.

49. early=first=ancient 早期的 adj.

50. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝
    26

51. describe=tell 描述 v.

52. realistic=achievable 现实的 adj.

53. target=goal=aim 目标 n.

54. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈 n.

55. match to=suit to 合适

56. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励 n.

57. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系
    起来

58. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就 n.

59. remuneration=payment 酬金 n.

60. tend to=prone to 倾向于

61. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉 v.

62. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加 v.

63. staff=employee=worker 员工 n.

64. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的 adj.

65. clerical worker=clerk 书记员 n.

66. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判 v.

67. job=work=assignment 工作 n.

68. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后 v.

69. growing old=ageing 变老
    27

70. people=mortal=people=individual 人 n.

71. life=lifespan 生命

72. chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会 n.

73. production=generation=output 产量 n.

74. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想 n.

75. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于

76. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的 adj.

剑 5
Cambridge 5 TEST 1

1. produce=develop=manufacture 生产 v.

2. central=middle 中心的 adj.

3. did not have=without 没有 v.

4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带来 v.

5. time limit=deadline 时间限制，期限 n.

6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick
   up=widen=intensify=build up 增加

7. assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.

8. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large
   scale/large-scale 巨大的 adj.
   28

9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be
   evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.

10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.

11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任 n.

12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a
    fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.

13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing 分心
    的事物 n.

14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong
    with 错误，缺点

15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石 n.

16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.

17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing 稳定 n.

18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day 流行,获胜 v.

19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.

20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate 给予 v.

21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and
    think they are extremely interesting 吸引，使着迷 v.

22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.

23. expect=think=anticipate 预期，期待 v.

24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学
    n.
    29

25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform
    to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从 v.

26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份 n.

27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.

28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.

29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely 故意地 adv.

30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the
    difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.

31. prior to=before=previous 在…前面

32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times 重复 n.

33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics 基因的，遗传学的 adj.

34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get
    something that is more important 牺牲 v.

35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者 n.

36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.

37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.

38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.

39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish
    灭绝的，绝种的 adj.

40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.

41. exaggerate=overstate 夸张，夸大 v.
    30

42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature,
    especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.

43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.

44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection 印象，感想 n.

45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/
    资格 v.

46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation 扭曲，曲解 v.

47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope
    with=deal with 安排，处理 v.

48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather
    than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.

49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air 排放物，散发物 n.

50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小 v.

51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.

52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.

53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something
    will have a bad result=getting worse 悲观的 adj.

54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力
    Cambridge 5 TEST 2

55. similar=like=resemble 相似的 adj.

56. derive=originate=come from=stem from 起源 v.
    31

57. impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力
    n.

58. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产生 v.

59. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.

60. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.

61. unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special 独特的 adj.

62. advance=progress=development=growth=increase 进步 n.

63. field=domain=territory=industry=sector 领域 n.

64. alternative=substitute=replacement 替代物 n.

65. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如

66. resource=material=source 资源，来源 n.

67. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite 有限的 adj.

68. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.

69. current=modern=recent=present 最近的 adj.

70. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique 特别的，独有的 adj.

71. draw on=absorb=do with 吸收 v.

72. settle on=make choice of=decide on 选定 v.

73. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality 优势 n.

74. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随 v.

75. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.
    32

76. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine 人工智能 n.

77. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to 与…有关联 v.

78. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表 v.

79. difficult=demanding=hard=tough 困难的 adj.

80. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.

81. instantly=rapidly=immediately 立即地 adv.

82. react=respond 反应 v.

83. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系 v.

84. subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主
    观观点 n.

85. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is
    strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or
    correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲 v.

86. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出 v.

87. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment 评估，估计 v.

88. emerge=appear=come forth 出现 v.

89. remain=keep=stay=maintain 保持 v.

90. exploitation=development=utilization=usage 利用，使用 n.

91. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture 培养，养育 v.

92. overtake=catch up=sweep over 赶上，压倒 v.

93. initial=original=premier 最初的，开始的 adj.
    33

94. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet 然而，但是 adv.
    Cambridge 5 TEST 3

95. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果 n.

96. overcome=win=get over=exceed 克服，战胜 v.

97. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity 不足的 adj.

98. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供 v.

99. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放 v.

100. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think 猜想，设想 v.

101. detect=perceive=explore=sense 发觉，觉察 v.

102. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难 n.

103. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job,
     social class etc.同龄人，伙伴 n.

104. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的 adj.

105. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform 执行，管理 v.

106. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金 n.

107. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together
     etc. 互动 v.

108. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉 n.

109. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at
     the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀 n.

110. interrupt=break=violate=cut in 打断，打扰 v.
     34

111. process=procedure=method=approach 过程 n.

112. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁 n.

113. valuable=precious=worthy 宝贵的，珍贵的 adj.

114. construct=build=make=found 建造 v.

115. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad
     责备，怪罪 v.

116. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate 鼓励，刺激 v.

117. long-term=long-run=long-period 长期的 adj.

118. impact=affect=influence=effect 影响 v.&n.

119. occur=happen=exist=come 发生 v.

120. contain=include=cover=possess 包含 v.

121. military=battlefield=martial 军事的 adj.

122. separate=disparate=distinct=different 分开的，不同的 adj.

123. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失 v.

124. consciousness=awareness 意识 n.

125. ignite=light=inflame 点燃 v.

126. encompass=include=contain=cover 包含，围绕 v.

127. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel 认为 v.

128. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general 广泛的，普遍的 adj.

129. launch=coin=project=release=issue 创新，开辟 v.
     35

130. contemporary=modern-day, present-day 同时代的 adj.

131. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的 adj.

132. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance 展望，希望 n.

133. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint 感觉，领悟 n.
     Cambridge 5 TEST 4

134. community=organization=group=body 团体 n.

135. fragile=delicate 脆弱的 adj.

136. remote=distant 遥远的 adj.

137. require=desire=order=command 要求 v.

138. inhabitant=resident=dweller 居住者，居民 n.

139. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此 adv.

140. destination=goal=end point=terminus 目的地 n.

141. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end 自始至终，到处，全部 adv.

142. operate=act=run 运转 v.

143. output=product 输出，产品 n.

144. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降 n.

145. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.

146. revive=renaissance 复兴 v.

147. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon 罕见的，不寻常的 adj.

148. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general 普通的,平常的 adj.
     36

149. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins 碎片 n.

150. break=shatter=crack 打碎，打破 v.

151. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的 n. &adj.

152. insist=claim=argue=believe=think 坚持，坚称 v.

153. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance 扩张，扩大 v.

154. suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle
     压制 v.

155. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed 加速 v.

156. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate 检查，调查 v.

157. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue 争论，争执 n.&v.

158. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现 v.

159. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe 声称 v.

160. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence 提示，信号，暗号 n.

161. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable 无法预测的 adj.

162. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为

163. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire 鼓励，促使 v.

164. considerable=plenty=big=major=important 数量可观的 adj.

165. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾

166. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable 充足的,适当的 adj.

167. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of 保证， 确保 v.
     37

168. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的 adj.

剑 4
Cambridge 4 TEST 1

1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not tak
   e any notice 忽略，无视 v.

2. encounter=face=confront=meet 遇见，遭遇 v.

3. mistaken view=misconception 错误的观点 n.

4. easy to reach=accessible 容易达到的 adj.

5. change=modify(modification) 改变 v.

6. destruction=destroy=loss 毁坏 n.

7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查 v.

8. where=geographical location 表地点

9. important=vital=essential=crucial 重要的 adj.

10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus 原因 n.

11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation 保护 v.

12. newspapers, television=media 媒体 n.

13. where to live=habitat 居住地 n.

14. get warmer=global warming 变暖 n.
    38

15. contribute to=play a part 有助于 v.

16. survive=continuing existence 幸存，活下来 v.

17. curriculum=course=syllabus 课程 n.

18. link to=be connected with=be linked with 把…和…相联系 v.

19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary 不发达的 adj.

20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak 贫穷的，
    可怜的 adj.

21. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable
    超常的，例外的 adj.

22. mating=courtship 交配.

23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker 跟随，跟踪 v.

24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力

25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one =ultimate=optimum=d
    efinitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking 极好的 adj.

26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled 感到
    惊讶的 adj.

27. volunteer=subject 实验研究对象 n.

28. similar=resemble=like=alike 相似的 adj.

29. blind=can not see 瞎的 adj.
    Cambridge 4 TEST 2
    39

30. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under
    your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law 主动的，自发的 adj. 主
    动权 n.

31. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the
    increase=intensify=expand=build up 上升，增加 v.

32. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up 教学 v.

33. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language 多种语言 n.

34. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定 v.

35. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor 年轻人 n.

36. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区 n.

37. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable 传统的 adj.

38. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go
    wrong=not work=do no good=fall through 失败 v.

39. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being
    hurt=damaged=destroyed 危及，使危险 v.

40. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed 各种各样的 adj.

41. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid 不可避免的 adj.

42. differ from=unusual 与…不同 v.

43. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do
    something=conservative 勉强的 adj.

44. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice 资询 v.

45. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant 另一个
    40

46. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for
    physical or mental illness 临床医学家 n.

47. retrain=taking courses 再教育 v.

48. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee 工资，收入 n.

long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=endur
ing=abiding=incurable 长期的 adj.

21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain 抱怨 n.

22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection 疾病 n.

23. connection=relationship=link=correlation 联系 n.

24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody
    good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful 有益的 adj.

25. insight=comprehension=understanding 理解，见解 n.

26. physical=relating to the body=bodily 身体的 adj.

27. hazard=risk=danger=threat 障碍，危险 n.

28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit 陪伴,伴随

29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind 精神上的，心理的 adj.

30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility 可能的 adj.

31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.

32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety 种类 n.

33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise 排练，演习 n.
    41

34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the
    same type of job, social class etc 同伴 n.

35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御
    n.

36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略 n.

37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of 帮助 v.

38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into
    more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate 特定的 adj.

39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.

40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.

41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣 v.

42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute 联合 v.

43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist 幸存 n.
    Cambridge 4 TEST 3

44. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a
    speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言 n.

45. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to
    give an example of something 例证 v.

46. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed
    light on=set out 解释 v.

47. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the
    details 概述 v.

48. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end 目的 n.
    42

49. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do
    something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to 鼓励 v.

50. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.

51. poverty= being poor 贫穷 n.

52. crime= illegal activities in general 犯罪 n.

53. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.

54. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣 v.

55. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere 快递员 n.

56. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储 n.

57. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设
    备 n.

58. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be
    successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.

59. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive 努力 n.

60. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important,
    interesting, or typical;a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of
    someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc 特点 n.

61. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.

62. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.

63. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing
    something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.

64. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they
    hope to achieve in the future= final 最终的，根本的 adj.
    43

65. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that
    surrounds the Earth 气氛; 大气 n.

66. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生
    v.

67. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch 扩张，扩大 v.

68. form= type= way something is/appears=shape 形式 n.

69. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come
    out=reappear 出现 v.

70. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.

71. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight 情况，状况 n.

72. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other
    people think of you 自觉的 n.

73. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生
    v.

74. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of
    something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a
    mixture of something 各种各样的 adj.

75. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or
    arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.

76. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested 客观的 adj.

77. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be
    under investigation 调查

78. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become
    aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive 观察 v.
    44

79. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement=
    announcement=declaration=observation 评论

80. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of 包含，包括 v.

81. focus on=deals only with=concentrate 专注于 v.

82. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact 影响
    v.

83. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins
    in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from 产生于…. V.

84. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something
    important 关心，担心 n.
    Cambridge 4 TEST 4

85. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record 官方的，正式的 adj.

86. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition 运
    动的 adj.

87. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of
    time=rapid=crash course 密集的，加强的 adj.

88. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of
    anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发

89. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell 认出，承认 v.

90. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of
    something=be short 不足的 adj.

91. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its
    roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve
    from 发展，生长 v.
    45

92. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for
    使能够 v.

93. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance 预测 v.

94. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at
    it=expert 专家 n.

95. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than
    with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience 理论的 adj.

basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=uns
ophisticated=low-tech 基本的 adj.

13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type 自然
    n.

14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end 目的 n.

15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese
    etc 翻译 v.

16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago
    古老的 adj.

17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to
    life=vivid 实际的，现实的

18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere 领域 n.

19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of written
    work that is stored on a computer 文件 n.

20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else 平等的 adj.
    46

21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影
    响 n.

22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out
    of trouble 行为 n.

23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are
    similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a
    parallel=contrast 比较 v.

24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business 经济
    上地 adv.

25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or
    organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.

26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to
    continue for a long time 可持续的 adj.

27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly
    well=know/learn from experience 意识到 v.

28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制

29. produce=form=create=generate 生产 v.

30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit
    to=pledge 保证 v.

31. liberty=freedom=a free hand 自由 n.

32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.

33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes,
    standards etc - usually used to show approval 持续的 adj.
    47

34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than
    it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are 低估 v.

35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future
    提供 n.
    剑 3 同义词替换汇总：

36. Outcome/result

37. Become a reality/open the door to

38. Fighting/ repel the enemies

39. War weapons/ weapons of war

40. Launcher/launch

41. Teenagers/ during adolescence

42. Inhale/breathe/ intake/exhale (反义词)

43. Hypothesis is fulfilled/ turn out to be right

44. Describe/write out

45. Do/carry out

46. Bring to/ import

47. Over a fourteen-year period/ between 1968 to 1982

48. Become established in Australia/ be integrated in Australia

49. Degraded water supply/ contaminated water supply

50. Clear land/ land clearing

51. Diversify/diversification

52. Sustainable/ environmental-friendly

53. May be/ some likelihood

54. Similar/ alike

55. Operate as/ be used as

56. Support/ sustain
    48

57. Necessary to/ crucial to

58. Extremely primitive/ strikingly backward

59. Recent discovery/ evidence gathered in recent years

60. Solely/ entirely

61. Past/ pre-history

62. Insight/ understanding

63. Unable to concentrate/ distract

64. Feeding/ food consumption

65. Irritability/ irritate/ irritable

66. Reaction/ react

67. Monitor/ measure

68. Over/ more than

69. Fifty per cent/ half

70. Intense air/ heavily polluted stagnant air

剑二同义词替换汇总：

1. Reclaim/reclamation

2. Contributor/contribute

3. Replace/replacement

4. Capability/ ability

5. Take charge/ in charge of

6. Be gained from/ consult in

7. Difficulty/barrier

8. Dominant/ dominate

9. Incentive/ prize
   49

10. Ineffective/ in vain

11. Alternative/ choice

12. Carry/ delivery

13. Alone/ solely

14. Proportion/ percentage

15. Be forced to/ have to

16. Honest/ honesty

17. Open/ openness

18. Significant/ noticeable

19. Assess its meaning/ understand

20. Redundant/ overly detailed

21. Ailment/ illness

22. Defect/ imperfection

23. Complete/ completion
    50